Unpacking Blocks in Domain-Specific Modeling Environments to Support Science and Computing Learning Global
Programming computational models is a key practice that supports both scientific and computational learning. Block-based, domain-specific programming environments have made this practice more accessible but may constrain what students can design compared to general-purpose or text-based languages. This poster reports on the classroom use of block unpacking—a feature that allows high-level primitives to be opened, inspected, and modified—within a domain-specific modeling environment. We implemented unpacking in a four-day high school biology unit on eutrophication, where students programmed models to represent interactions among algae, bacteria, fish, nutrients, and oxygen. From the 16 students who participated, we analyzed 36 unpacking modifications made by five focal students, classifying each as a parameter change or a code structure change, and examining whether these modifications were informed by scientific reasoning. Our findings show that unpacking let students move beyond fixed domain-specific primitives, producing diverse and more expressive models. Some introduced new mechanisms, such as photosynthesis, while others focused on optimizing or debugging simulations. Importantly, more complex edits did not always correspond to deeper scientific reasoning. This study highlights unpacking as a mid-level design strategy that can expand student agency and flexibility in block-based modeling. We discuss implications for designing programming environments and instructional supports that balance ease of entry with opportunities to engage meaningfully in computing practices.